02511nas a2200397   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260001200043653001900055653001700074653002500091653002100116100002000137700001800157700001600175700002300191700002100214700001700235700002000252700001900272700001900291700001800310700001600328700002300344700001800367700002600385700001600411700002500427700002000452700002100472245009600493856005500589300000900644520144600653020001402099       2023                            d  c02/202310aSustainability10aBiodiversity10aEnvironmental impact10aDeveloping world1 aArjun Srivathsa1 aDivya Vasudev1 aTanaya Nair1 aStotra Chakrabarti1 aPranav Chanchani1 aRuth DeFries1 aArpit Deomurari1 aSutirtha Dutta1 aDipankar Ghose1 aVarun Goswami1 aRajat Nayak1 aAmrita Neelakantan1 aPrachi Thatte1 aSrinivas Vaidyanathan1 aMadhu Verma1 aJagdish Krishnaswamy1 aMahesh Sankaran1 aUma Ramakrishnan00aPrioritizing India’s landscapes for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being  uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01063-2  a1-103 aBiodiversity conservation and human well-being are tightly interlinked. Yet, mismatches in the scale at which these two priority issues are planned and implemented have exacerbated biodiversity loss, erosion of ecosystem services and declining human quality of life. India houses the second largest human population on the planet, while < 5% of the country’s land area is effectively protected for conservation. This warrants landscape-level conservation planning through a judicious mix of land-sharing and land-sparing approaches combined with the co-production of ecosystem services. Through a multifaceted assessment, we prioritize spatial extents of land parcels that, in the face of anthropogenic threats, can safeguard conservation landscapes across India’s biogeographic zones. We found that only a fraction (~15%) of the priority areas identified here are encompassed under India’s extant Protected Area network, and furthermore, that several landscapes of high importance were omitted from all previous global-scale assessments. We then examined the spatial congruence of priority areas with administrative units earmarked for economic development by the Indian government and propose management zoning through state-driven and participatory approaches. Our spatially explicit insights can help meet the twin goals of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in India and other countries across the Global South.  a2398-9629